Alan Weedon* says Cambridge University researchers have released a brain-training app that improves concentration akin to taking Ritalin.
If you’ve ever convinced yourself that your lack of attention might be better helped with medication, think again: a simple brain-training app from Cambridge University just might be the ticket.
The university’s Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute has developed and tested “Decoder”, an app which activates a frontal-parietal network in the brain that is designed to improve attention and concentration.
In a study published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Behavioural Neuroscience, researchers — led by the Department of Psychiatry’s Professor Barbara Sahakian — found that the app’s use on an iPad for eight hours over the course of a month resulted in neurological improvements in healthy trial participants that were comparable to those taking stimulants such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) or nicotine.
“Many people tell me that they have trouble focusing their attention,” Professor Sahakian said.
“Decoder should help them improve their ability to do this.”
What is the game?
Decoder, developed in collaboration with a games developer, gets users to assume the role of an intelligence officer tasked with breaking up global criminal gangs (users are able to select a character and their backstory).
To meet the objective, users have to identify different combinations of number strings in missions littered with distraction.
Winning each mission means users unlock letters of the next criminal location (the higher the score, the more letters revealed).
Within each location, users have up to three missions allocated, with the difficulty of each mission matched to a user’s performance in real time.
How did the study work?
To quantify the app’s outcomes, Cambridge researchers divided 75 healthy young adults into three groups, of which one would play the app, bingo, or no game at all.
The groups who had to play games were supervised in eight one-hour sessions over the course of a month, and were tested at the start and four weeks after the trial’s end with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery’s (CANTAB) Rapid Visual Information Processing test (RVP) — a test recommended to assess cognitive function for people with Alzheimer’s disease, depression, schizophrenia, and other neurological diseases.
The test on screen showed a centred white box containing digits from two to nine that appear in a “psuedo-random order” at the rate of 100 digits per minute.
Those tested were asked to detect digit sequences (such as 2-4 or 6-8), and then hit a button once detected as quickly as they could — and multiple sequences could appear at the same time.
And what were the results?
Those who had played Decoder “showed better detection of target sequences” and were faster at hitting the targets, too.
Additionally, researchers found that the “subjective measures of enjoyment, motivation, alertness and positive mood remained at high levels in those who played Decoder after every hour of gameplay”.
Researchers were also careful to ensure that improvements in in one kind of their trial participant’s attention did not impair their ability to shift attention.
To measure this, they had participants take the Trail Making Test, a neurospsychological test getting participants to connect 25 non-sequential dots as quickly as possible.
“Importantly, training of sustained attention/concentration did not impair performance on the Trail Making Test,” they wrote.
“Indeed, if anything, gameplay had a beneficial effect on this form of attention also.”
Critics say the study didn’t reflect ‘real world’
Dr Tejal Shah, a Research Fellow at Macquarie University’s Department of Biomedical Sciences, told the ABC that further trials will need to recreate “real-world” conditions to better understand how distraction manifests today.
“While the Cambridge study certainly meets the gold standard of clinical trial design — in that is has a randomised control design and it has used two types of control: an active and passive controlled group — it would be good if its findings would be validated by larger cohort studies and independent studies,” she said.
In these larger studies, she explains, it would be ideal for them to incorporate “more robust cognitive measures, brain imaging, and measuring to what extent genetics has on training outcomes”.
“Even if a subset of the Decoder participants are asked to complete brain imaging, it would then give us an idea of what changes in the brain are actually occurring,” Dr Shah said.
As the Cambridge research team say their study will be one of many to come, they hope their app may be able to assist those with chronic neurological disorders in addition to those of us who fret in front of our screens.
“While healthy young adults were used as participants in the current study, the aim of cognitive training with Decoder for future studies is to assess whether it can improve attentional performance, a key cognitive domain that is impaired in ADHD, schizophrenia and brain injury,” they wrote.
* Alan Weedon is a journalist and producer with the ABC’s Asia Pacific Newsroom. He tweets at @_alanweedon.
This article first appeared at www.abc.net.au.
